^B{^#!16!18 August^N! Feast day of St Helena, Saints Florus and Laurus, St Agapitus, St Alipius, and St Beatrice or Brites da Silva.
^B{1759^B} The British, under Admiral ('Old Dreadnought') Boscawen, defeated the French fleet at the Battle of Lagos Bay. ^B{1812^B} Napoleon's forces defeated the Russians at the Battle of Smolensk. ^B{1866^B} The Treaty of Alliance forming the North German Confederation, under the leadership of Prussia, was signed. ^B{1941^B} Britain's National Fire Service was established. ^B{1960^B} The first oral contraceptive was marketed by the Searle Drug Company in the US. ^B{1964^B} South Africa was banned from participating in the Olympics because of its racial policies. ^B{1967^B} The town of Long Beach, in California, purchased the liner ^I{Queen Mary^I}.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}Antonio Salieri, Italian composer, ^B{1750^B}; Franz Josef I, Austro-Hungarian emperor, ^B{1830^B}; Moura Lympany, English concert pianist, ^B{1916^B}; Shelley Winters, US film actress, ^B{1922^B}; Roman Polanski, Polish film director, ^B{1933^B}; Robert Redford, US film actor, ^B{1937^B}.^B}
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}Genghis Khan, ^B{1227^B}; Guido Reni, Italian painter, ^B{1642^B}; AndrΘ Jacques Garnerin, French balloonist, ^B{1823^B}; William Henry Hudson, US writer, ^B{1922^B}; Anita Loos, US writer, ^B{1981^B}; Nikolaus Pevsner, architectural historian, ^B{1983^B}.
